Male And Female Offenders Alike - 898 Words

Male and female offenders alike are incarcerated every day for various reasons. Some commit violent crimes while others are arrested for drug use or public-order offenses. The difference between the two are the rates at which they are incarcerated, the length or harshness of their sentences, for the same or similar crimes committed, patterns of drug use, and previous correctional history. While men still lead in violent crime rates, 54.3 percent male verse 36.6 percent female, women are more likely than men to serve sentences due to drug-related offenses and other nonviolent property crimes (American Corrections, 2016). Male prisoners also continue to make up the majority of the prison population. However, women prisoner rates have been on the rise and have exceeded that of male growth rates since 1995. In fact, due to the increase of the women prison population, various issues have arisen which require women to be treated differently from men. Such issues correctional facility’s face because of this increase include program delivery, housing conditions, medical care, staffing, and security (American Corrections, 2016). These problems are in part due to the different social and economic differences women are faced with in prison and while preparing for their release back to society. Many of these social and economic differences are due to a women’s economic lifestyle and the general physical and emotional differences from that of a male. Society may be to blame for someShow MoreRelatedWomen in the Criminal Justice System1575 Words   |  6 Pages The field of Criminal Justice, like so many of the employment fields within the United States, is a largely male-dominated field. In the minds of many individuals around the country, and around the world, the mention of the Criminal Justice field brings to mind the image of strong male law enforcement officials employed to both protect their respective communities and keep a sea of male criminals under the watchful eye of the law. It may, then, surprise many individuals with this belief to learnRead MoreEssay on Mythology: Differences in Gender Regarding Divine Vengeance1121 Words   |  5 Pagesupon these offenders. Throughout the book, Powell gives many examples of the wrath of the gods and the differences in their punishment styles based on their gender. Male gods do not usually punish male offenders with a quick and easy death. They prefer to use a more prolonged and torturous style of punishment; where as female gods use a quick, more destructive punishment that affects more than just the offenders themselves. The pattern that emerged from myths that were comprised of male gods punishingRead MoreThe Crime Of Child Abuse1184 Words   |  5 Pagesis in shortage, but what are other motivations for why individuals commit crimes? Researchers have been gathering facts, for years, to determine what kinds of people commit crimes and why they do. One adult crime that is committed by both males and females is the crime of child abuse. â€Å"Child abuse† has many deviations when it comes to its definition because it can be categorized in various forms. According to experts, physical abuse is to physically hurt or injure, such as bruising or brakingRead MoreThe Rape Laws Against Sex1487 Words   |  6 Pages (3) addressing the statutory age of consent, and (4) creating a penalty structure† (Richards Marcum, 2015, p. 18). With all of these law changes, victims and offenders have changed over time. Victims, much more than before, have felt that they can open up about what happened to them rather than having to keep it secret. Offenders now are being held liable for these crimes much more often than in later times. With all of the reform changes, rape accusations have grown over the years. WithRead MoreTechnology s Progression And The Advancement Of Human Societies1486 Words   |  6 Pagestoday known as cyberbullying. While bullying and cyberbullying are often similar in terms of form and technique they also have many differences. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying allows the offender to mask his or her identity behind a computer. This anonymity makes it easier for the offender to strike blows against a victim without having to see the victim’s physical response. The distancing effect that technological devices have on today’s youth often leads them to say and do crueler thingsRead MoreKiller Vs. Serial Killers929 Words   |  4 Pagesvictims by the same offender(s), in separate events. (Morton et al. 9). There is certainly not any dispute that there have been both male and female serial killers. Most of the research and documentation is specifically aimed around male serial killers. Over all, there are not a large amount of female serial killers, so there has not been as much research done about them; yet there are numerous documented cases of female serial killers. Male and female serial killers are alike in some ways; howeverRead MoreKiller Vs. Serial Killers924 Words   |  4 Pagesvictims by the same offender(s), in separate events. (Morton et al. 9). There is certainly not any dispute that there have been both male and female serial killers. Much of the research and documentation is specifically aimed around male serial killers. Overall, there are not large amounts of female serial killers, therefore, there there has not been as much research done about them; yet there are numerous documented cases of female serial killers. Male and female serial killers are alike in some ways;Read MoreSex-Drive Reducing Medications of Sex Offenders1556 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles: Force Administration of Sex-Drive Reducing Medications of Sex Offenders: Treatment or Punishment? And Ethics, Prisoner Interrogation, National Security and The Media Force Administration of Sex-Drive Reducing Medications of Sex Offenders: Treatment or Punishment? The first article I chose was whether or not it is considered a treatment or a punishment to sex offenders if they are forced, by court order, to take medications that greatlyRead MorePaper On Sexual Assault1662 Words   |  7 Pagessexual violence from occurring. Policy changes to the current reporting procedures could eradicate sexual violence and reduce the stigma surrounding the taboo topic. Research There is a widespread misconception among civilians and service members alike that amending the way sexual assaults are handled is an issue of the past, largely fixed by contemporary policy modifications (Gillibrand, 2013). This is completely erroneous, as it is unanimously agreed upon that the numbers are rising, despite previousRead MoreMultiple Elements Of Incarceration Within Australia s Criminal Justice System907 Words   |  4 Pagesrelationship female-to-male transgender inmates, fellow inmates and prison staff. The data highlights the lack of support the transgender prisoners receive from prison officers and notes that minimal assistance is provided to them. Furthermore, alike the paper written by Jake Blight, the authors conclude that more policies are required to be implemented to better deal with transgender persons when incarcerated, which may ultimately result in the better rehabilitation of these offenders. This article

Hardware And Marketing Of Apple - 1476 Words

Apple is involved in the process of designing, manufacturing and marketing computers, all mobile communication gadgets and portable music gadgets. It also engages in selling of software and its services. Currently, the company is involved in production of computer components and electronics and in distributing them to the (Apple, Inc., 2012). Apple’s main focus is on technology. This is simply because technology propels a company to higher levels hence remaining very competitive in the industry. As such, most of its products are mainly based on technological innovations. The main challenge of this industry is therefore continued technological innovations. The time that the product remains very competitive in the market is very short as compared to any other product from other industries. The product stays in the market competitively for less than a year if there is no improvement in technology (Gross, 2012). Before 2007, the technology of operating a phone through touching the screen had not been introduced, as such Apple changed the industry by coming up with iPhone (Copeland, 2010). Later, after the Japanese company introduced Discman, Apple introduced a new technology of iPods (Bertolucci, 2009). This simply implies that embracing advancement in innovation ensures that a company changes very fast hence, no one can easily predict the next technological breakthrough. Apple defines itself as an advanced company in terms of technology. The company sets up prices for otherShow MoreRelatedApple1199 Words   |  5 PagesKerri Warenda John Duran Travis MacKenzie Erendira Franzen Apple INC. Table of Contents Company background Recent Annual Report Analysis for Financial position Vision Mission Statement Corporate Culture Industrial Organizational Model of Above-Average Returns Resource- Based Model of Above-Average Returns Five Forces of Competition Model Competitor Analysis Core Competencies Competitive Advantages SWOT Analysis Corporate Entrepreneurship Strategic Leadership CorporateRead MoreCompany Overview: Apple Inc995 Words   |  4 PagesApple Inc. Contents Company Background 3 Supply and Demand 4 Market Structure 5 Pricing Strategies 6 Non price competition 7 Barriers 7 Supply Constraints 7 Design Delays 7 Economics 8 Regulatory 8 Legal Battles 8 Apples Business Cycle 8 Conclusion 8 Company Background Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak founded Apple Computers on April 1, 1976 in an obscure location in California. The two young entrepreneurs built the first Apple out of their garage. The first Apple computersRead MoreHow Apple Has Improved The Area Of The Details About The Different Types Of Businesses Essay1087 Words   |  5 Pagesstatement of Apple can be improved by expanding the area of the details about the different types of businesses of Apple. STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY APPLE: Steve jobs was an expertise in innovative product development whereas Tim Cook is expertise in supply chain management. Tim cook’s expertise in supply can be seen during the release of iPhone 5s. It was available in 31 different countries within a week of release and was available to 100 countries at the end of calendar year. Always Apple was ableRead MoreThese Elements Are the Basic Elements of Marketing Plan and Overall It Is Known as 4ps. (Marketing Mix, 2009) These 4 Ps Are the Parameters Through Which the Marketing Management Can Control Internal and External Constraints of the Target Marketing.1115 Words   |  5 Pages$Marketing mix is a marketing tool that is uses by the organization to fulfill its target customers and achieve its organizational goals. Marketing tools are classified under these four encompassing categories. * product * Price * Place ( distribution) * Promotion These elements are the basic elements of marketing plan and overall it is known as 4P s. (marketing mix, 2009) These 4 Ps are the parameters through which the marketing management can control internal and external constraintsRead MoreApple Case Analysis1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand the intensity of rivalry among competitors (Hit, Ireland, and Hoskisson, p.40). In this case, Apple is just one of the many competitors in a saturated markets offering both hardware and software for personal computer systems. Intense players such as, HP/Compaq, Dell, Gateway, and Microsoft all take substantial market share in the industries Apple is competing with. Today in the computer hardware industry there is intense competition and the only way to gain market share is to take customersRead MoreCase Study : Apple Inc.1554 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper: Apple Inc. Introduction: In this research paper I would like present the strategies of the World’s most Profitable, Leading and Uniquely Recognized Company: Apple Inc. On October 5, 2011 Steve Jobs died because of Cancer. This man was a legend, he made apple to grow from the verge of bankruptcy to what it is now. After his death the new CEO Tim Cook had a challenge to maintain the success of Apple and also to take it to the next level. The company was started as Apple Computer, bestRead MoreApple Inc. Case Analysis - 11479 Words   |  6 PagesI. Overview: Apple Inc. was founded in 1976 by Steven Wozniak and Steven Jobs. They introduced the first initial version or what was to become the first highly successful mass-produced personal computer, the Apple I. Apple operates in various lines of the computer and music industry today and its operations include not only the designing but also the manufacturing of its computers and software. Apple continues to pursue the personal computer market but not as intently as in the years before.Read MoreInternal Analysis Apple1602 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermination of the potential for the creation of competitive advantage (Grant 2007). In terms of financial resources, the case quotes Apple’s market capitalisation is approximately US $550 billion, with sales annually over $100 billion. This makes Apple the most valuable publicly traded company in the world. The share price currently stands at around $600, merely 12 years after Steve Jobs’ return to the company, where the share price was $5. Apple’s physical resources include 362 retail stores worldRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Apple Inc.1687 Words   |  7 PagesCompany of Choice: Apple Inc. The Social Responsibility of Apple Inc. By definition, social responsibility is known as the ethical framework and provides suggestions that an organization or an individuals, feels obliged to act so that the benefit is felt across the organization. It is that duty that every individual has of performing so as to ensure proper maintenance of balancing amid the economy and the organizational ecosystems. Apple Inc. has a well outlined social responsibility that works toRead MoreEssay on Apple Case Analysis1499 Words   |  6 PagesApple Case Analysis I.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Industry Environment The industry environment is the set of factors that directly influences a firm and its competitive actions and competitive responses: the threat of new entrants, the power of suppliers, the power of buyers, the threat of product substitutes, and the intensity of rivalry among competitors (Hit, Ireland, and Hoskisson, p.40). In this case, Apple is just one of the many competitors in a saturated markets offering both hardware and software for

Break Stalin Essay Research Paper Break StalinDestalinization free essay sample

Break Stalin Essay, Research Paper Break Stalin Destalinization: A Wise Political Strategy Although many of his thoughts did non convey the expected consequences, Nikita Khrushchev policies of destalinization were politically wise. He went against many of Stalin s oppressive policies and gave the people a much greater sense of freedom. In the procedure known as destalinization, legal processs were restored, some greater grade of meaningful public contention was permitted, forced labour cantonments were closed and the secret constabulary tactics of Stalin s epoch were erased. Stalin s method of personal regulation was replaced by group regulation and more orderly procedures of authorities, the panic setup was mostly dismantled, the economic system was notably modernized and foreign policy was conducted with much greater diplomatic enterprise and flexibleness. There was free political treatment, a standard forty-hour work hebdomad where people were free to alter occupations, better authorities planning on production, and eased trave l limitations over the Iron Curtain. In the procedure of destalinization the metropoliss that were one time named in award of Stalin were given new names or returned to their old names1. The statues and images of Stalin were destroyed and letters were sent to households of those who were killed in conflict, which criticized Stalin s weak leading during the clip of the war. Stalin s grave was vandalized during this procedure, and Khrushchev gained blessing from the West. These policies were used to wipe out the yesteryear and ease the heads of those who suffered under the dictator2. Khrushchev worked to denounce his former leaders behaviors and clean up the image of the state on a world-wide graduated table. Khrushchev worked difficult to be agreeable with the bulk of people he ruled. He sought to contrast his ain present policies with the appendages of Stalinism, and hence reconstruct public assurance in the Soviet system.3 Possibly the most noteworthy illustration of destalinization was where Khrushchev denounced Stal in and criticized the dictator along with those who agreed with his positions. These positions which murdered so many Russian Citizens. At the twentieth All-Union Party Congress ( 1956 ) where Khrushchev delivered a secret study on The Personality Cult and Its Consequences, bitterly denouncing the regulation, policies, and personality of Stalin.4 The address was purportedly kept a secret so that the Capitalist media would non have word of it and derive an border over the Communists if they knew of the jobs happening within the party. Khrushchev accused Stalin of being responsible for mass slayings and exiles, the German invasion during World War II ( 1939-1945 ) , and the USSR s interruption with Yugoslavia. During this period the populace was given a say in the authorities, even though an highly minor one, and the judicial system eased it s aggressiveness leting a suspect a better opportunity of supporting themselves. This was called The Associates Credit Card ServicesThe Associate s Credit Card Services melt, which meant the relaxation of constabulary panic, the release of 100s of 1000s from labour cantonments, and the relaxation of censoring. A new policy of economic system was brought in known as New Course. Khrushchev concerned himself with breaking the problems of the person, trying to increase the supply of nutrient and doing goods such as place contraptions, doing cars slightly available, and supplying more lodging. A new policy of efficiency and quality control was brought in. Leadership was slightly decentralized to let common directors and managers more power to run their production units. It helped to equilibrate the agribusiness and increase nutrient production so there were less nutrient deficits. Machine and Tractor Stations ( MTSs ) were set up in the countryside with skilled mechanics employed to supply and serve agricultural machinery. The territories were allowed to make up ones mind on what harvests to works and when, instead than being dire cted from the centre. Quotas for mandatory sale to the province were eased. Thousands of immature people and Party workers were dispatched as labour and supervisory forces to make the occupation. Besides Khrushchev initiated the Virgin Lands Program in 1953, presenting intensive irrigation to increase cultivable land and therefore raise nutrient production conveying into cultivation 32 million estates of antecedently uncultivated land in Kazakhstan and southwesterly Siberia. 85,000,000 extra estates of land were under cultivation by 1956.. All these steps were identified with Khrushchev, who obviously took over agricultural policy from Malenkov in September 1953. In January 1955 Khrushchev demanded that around 70 million estates be planted in maize for fresh fish in order to increase farm animal production. The ensuing corn fields, on level and hilly state, in cold and warm parts, earned him the moniker of kukuruzchik ( the maize partisan ) . Soil eroding and unpredictable condition s wiped out whole crops, and by the mid-1960s dust storms became a serious job. Despite everything, the undertaking of spread outing agribusiness into the virgin lands succeeded, and to this twenty-four hours organize a major portion of the part s grain beginnings. In 1954, the virgin lands provided 37 million dozenss of the state s 85 million dozenss of grain. In 1956, 63m of a sum of 125m dozenss ; in 1962, 56m of a sum of 140m ; in 1963, 38m of 108m ; in 1964, 66m of 152m. Khrushchev wanted a peaceable coexistence between the US and the Soviet Union, and met with the American leading on several occasions. He cancelled a acme meeting in Paris when an American plane was shot down while descrying on the Soviet Union. It helped the war-battered state avoid farther war with the West. Most significantly, he proclaimed the necessity of coexistence with the West and declared that a atomic war would intend he stop of both capitalist economy and socialism. In dealingss with the West, Khrushchev s term of office was marked by sudden displacements and a series of high bets crises such as the U2 matter, the edifice of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Through it all he systematically maintained the demand for peaceable coexistence in the atomic age.5 He toured the United States in 1959 and met with President Eisenhower at Camp David, therefore assisting to better the international tensenesss created by his menace to subscribe a separate peace with East Germany. Thousands of colonists were brought in from European Russia7. The Geneva Summit of 1955 among Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, and the Camp David Summit of 1959 between Eisenhower and Khrushchev raised hopes of a more concerted spirit between East and West. Khrushchev explained the philosophy of peaceable co-existence to a response at the Albanian Embassy in April 1957, in this manner: In our dealingss with the capitalist states we firm adhere to Lenin s rule of peaceable coexistence. †¦ We shall neer take up weaponries to coerce the thoughts of communism upon anybody. We do non necessitate to make that, for the thoughts of communism express the critical involvements of the popular multitudes. Our thoughts, the thoughts of communism have such great verve that no arm can destruct them, that non even the atomic arm can keep up the development of these progressive thoughts. Our thoughts will capture the heads of world. The efforts of the imperialist to collar the spread of the thoughts of communism by force of weaponries are doomed to failure. †¦ 8 Or, as Khrushchev explained the policy to the Supreme Soviet on 31 Octo ber 1959: The Soviet Union and all the socialist states have opened up for humanity the route for a socialist development without war on the footing of peaceable coaction. The struggle between the two systems must and can be resolved by peaceful agencies # 8230 ; Coexistence is something existent, fluxing from the bing universe state of affairs of human society # 8230 ; Several well-known personalities, and in the first topographic point President Eisenhower, want to happen ways of reenforcing peace 9 Under his way the Sovietss made great progresss in the scientific discipline, peculiarly in atomic energy and infinite geographic expedition. During the Khrushchev period at that place was an full-scale plan to increase the production of energy.10 Between 1954 and 1965, electrical power coevals grew from 150m Mw to 507m Mw, oil from 53m dozenss to 347m dozenss, coal from 347m dozenss to 578m tons.11 At the same clip, steel production was increased from 41m dozenss to 91m dozenss. There was besides a crisp bend to the development of scientific discipline and engineering. Soviet scientific discipline had about died in the early 1930s as a consequence of Stalin s policy of command of the line in scientific discipline, which had wiped out whole subdivisions of scientific discipline, and left others in the kingdom of pseudo-science. In the interval, the bare lower limit of scientific research required for military intents had been carried out in the labour camps.12 Very important resources were now provided to science, including cardinal research. Life criterions improved markedly during Khrushchev s period. More and more people were able to have third instruction, although this was by and large available either after working for a figure of old ages, or at dark school. More freedom of motion between occupations was allowed.13 Pensions were increased, with a measure uping age of 65 for work forces, 60 for adult females, but available for work forces with 25 old ages senior status in their occupation, 20 old ages for adult females, well better than in the West. Additional pension rights were granted to administrative officials, constabularies and scientific researchers.14 The length of the working hebdomad was reduced by two hours and pregnancy leave extended from 70 to 112 yearss. Between 1953 and 1964 the country of lodging infinite was doubled, although it still remained in really short supply, and less on norm than the minimal prescribed by US prison ordinances at the clip. The minimal pay was doubled, although societal service professionals remained among the lowest paid.15 From the exhilaration of the Khrushchev epoch, with his expostulations at the UN, demagogic addresss, the confrontations, the dramatic accomplishments in infinite, the immense new hydroelectric strategies, the colonisation of the virgin lands and decentalisation of planning, Stalinism moved into the dull grey of decline16. Although Khrushchev was peacefully removed from office by a triumvirate in October 1964 and many of his programs failed, his initial end was reached. That dark he returned place and exclaimed, Well, that s it. I m retired now. Possibly the most of import thing I did was merely this that they were able to acquire rid of me merely by voting, whereas Stalin would hold had them all arrested.

Treasure Island free essay sample

Hawkins is a young boy who lives at his parents’ inn, the Admiral Benbow, near Bristol, England, in the eighteenth century. An old sea captain named Billy Bones dies in the inn after being presented with a black spot, or official pirate verdict of guilt or judgment. Jim is stirred to action by the spot and its mysterious, accurate portent of Billy’s death. Hastily, Jim and his mother unlock Billy’s sea chest, finding a logbook and map inside. Hearing steps outside, they leave with the documents before Billy’s pursuers ransack the inn. Jim realizes that the contents he has snatched from the sea chest must be valuable, so he takes one of the documents he has found to some local acquaintances, Dr. Livesey and Squire Trelawney. Excited, they recognize it as a map for a huge treasure that the infamous pirate Captain Flint has buried on a distant island. We will write a custom essay sample on Treasure Island or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trelawney immediately starts planning an expedition. Naive in his negotiations to outfit his ship, the Hispaniola, Trelawney is tricked into hiring one of Flint’s former mates, Long John Silver, and many of Flint’s crew. Only the captain, Smollett, is trustworthy. The ship sets sail for Treasure Island with nothing amiss, until Jim overhears Silver’s plans for mutiny. Jim tells the captain about Silver and the rest of the rebellious crew. Landing at the island, Captain Smollett devises a plan to get most of the mutineers off the ship, allowing them leisure time on shore. On a whim, Jim sneaks into the pirates’ boat and goes ashore with them. Frightened of the pirates, Jim runs off alone. From a hiding place, he witnesses Silver’s murder of a sailor who refuses to join the mutiny. Jim flees deeper into the heart of the island, where he encounters a half-crazed man named Ben Gunn. Ben had once served in Flint’s crew but was marooned on the island years earlier. Meanwhile, Smollett and his men have gone ashore and taken shelter in a stockade the pirates have built. Jim returns to the stockade, bringing Ben with him. Silver visits and attempts a negotiation with the captain, but the captain is wary and refuses to speak to him. The pirates attack the stockade the next day, and the captain is wounded. Eager to take action, Jim follows another whim and deserts his mates, sneaking off to hunt for Ben’s handmade boat hidden in the woods. After finding Ben’s boat, Jim sails out to the anchored ship with the intention of cutting it adrift, thereby depriving the pirates of a means of escape. He cuts the rope, but he realizes his small boat has drifted near the pirates’ camp and fears he will be discovered. By chance, the pirates do not spot Jim, and he floats around the island until he catches sight of the ship drifting wildly. Struggling aboard, he discovers that one of the watchmen, Israel Hands, has killed the other watchman in a drunken fit. Jim takes control of the ship, but Israel turns against him. Jim is wounded but kills Israel. Jim returns to the stockade but finds it occupied by the pirates. Silver takes Jim hostage, telling the boy that the captain has given the pirates the treasure map, provisions, and the use of the stockade in exchange for their lives. Jim realizes, however, that Silver is having trouble managing his men, who accuse him of treachery. Silver proposes to Jim that they help each other survive by pretending Jim is a hostage. However, the men present Silver with a black spot and inform him that he has been deposed as their commande In a desperate attempt to gain control of his crew, Silver shows them the treasure map to appease them. Silver leads Jim and the men to the treasure site, but they are shocked to find it already excavated and the treasure removed. The men are angered and near mutiny again. At that moment Dr. Livesey, Ben Gunn, and the others fire on the pirate band, which scatters throughout the island. Jim and Silver flee, and are guided by the others to Ben’s cave, where Ben has hidden the treasure, which he had discovered months before. After spending three days carrying the loot to the ship, the men prepare to set sail for home. There is a debate about the fate of the remaining mutineers. Despite the pirates’ submissive pleas, they are left marooned on the island. Silver is allowed to join the voyage, but he sneaks off the ship one night with a portion of the treasure and is never heard from again. The voyage home comes to a close. Eventually, Captain Smollet retires from the sea, and Ben becomes a lodge-keeper.

Medicare United States Essay Example

Medicare United States Paper The government program which provides health insurance coverage to people 65 years and over in the United States is known as Medicare. Medicare is a single player health care system. A single player health care system is a system under which health care providers are only paid from a single fund. This system is considered to be a system of universal health care. It was signed into law on 30th July, 1965 by President Lyndon B. Johnson as a change to the social security legislation. When it was ratified President Johnson presented former President Harry S.  Truman with the first Medicare card making him the first beneficiary of Medicare in the United States (SeniorJournal. com, 2001). The true history of the program however goes back to 1945 when then President Harry S. Truman requested congress to create a national health insurance program. Due to the opposition of the Soviets at the time and rejection of communism, the dangers of socialized medicine were fiercely debated for the next 20 years. By the end of his term Truman backed away from his plan for universal health care. We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Medicare United States specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, his rivals in the social security administration and other sections of government ran with the idea of insuring social security benefactors. When it was signed into law as part of Lyndon Johnson’s great society the Medicare Part B premium was three dollars a month. Part B premium serves the outpatient basis of the medical insurance and is geared towards those individuals who are retired or no longer working. Then in 1972 the program was expanded to include disabled individuals who were under 65 years of age and those with end stage renal disease were also enabled to receive coverage. It also expanded to include chiropractic services and other forms of therapy such as speech and physical therapy. This was also the year that payment to health maintenance organizations began and the supplemental security income for the elderly and disabled poor was established to automatically give these recipients coverage under Medicare. In 1982 the program expanded to include hospice treatments on a temporary basis to assess the financial costs of these institutions. The benefits would not become a permanently ratified until 1986. Then in 1983 they changed their system of payment from one of reasonable cost to a case by case basis based on the diagnosis for in-patients in hospitals. In 1984 the President, federal employees, members of congress and federal judiciary also became covered by Medicare. In 1988 a major overhaul of the Medicare program was made in order to provide benefits for life threatening illnesses and prescription medication, it was cancelled the very next year. This was followed by coverage for routine mammographies in the same year. The next year coverage for pap smears started and physicians were now paid based on their schedules. In 1997 the balanced budget act was passed which enabled various providers from Medicare to have their funding reduced. This was enacted under the Medicare choice program which provided advantages to those individuals who are financially burdened. However, congress soon revisited this act due to pressure in 1999 and passed the Balanced Budget reform act which returns some of the cuts to the providers. These returns were increased by the 2000 Budget improvement and protection act (SeniorJournal. com, 2001). Thus, in 2000 the Medicare Choice final rule took effect. At this time the Medicare Part B premium was at forty five dollars and forty cents a month. Inaugurating it in 2001 and launching it in 2002 Medicare started a new program known as Quality Initiative. This was a new program which encompassed not only quality monitoring by independent surveyors. But also pay for performance plan along with the hospital compare website. They also eventually revealed that they would no longer offer payment for treatment of hospital acquired infections and problematic hospital events. In 2006 they began a prescription drug coverage program. This at a monthly premium puts individuals on a drug plan to cover their drug costs. The current premium for Medicare part B is ninety six dollars and forty cents per month (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2005) (Medicare, 2009). A look at the government website for Medicare and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid do not reveal the mission statement for the organization. What is present however is what the program actually entails in terms of services. As mentioned before Medicare is a health insurance program for people of ages 65 and over who may have certain disabilities and also those of all ages with End Stage Renal Disease. It provides three types of insurance. Part A is hospital insurance which covers the costs of hospital care, hospice care and inpatient care. It may not be required to be paid if the payroll tax of an individual pays for it. Part B medical insurance is the type which covers outpatient care and doctors services. It also covers certain other physical and occupational therapies in health care and is bought with a monthly premium. The third is prescription drug coverage which covers the individual’s drug plan for a monthly premium (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2005). In terms of the criminal justice system Medicare does not pay for those individuals who have been sent to prison since they lose their social security on incarceration. However if an individual pays their premiums for Medicare B directly they are still eligible for the program. Otherwise their Medicare benefits will run out in 3 months. They also lose coverage under the drug prescription plan. In the case of individuals who are in psychological institutions for the criminally insane and in nursing homes serving out their sentence are covered under the Medicare part B program (Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law, 2009). If we look at the financial records of Medicare for the past three years, i. e. from 2007 to 2009 we find that Medicare has faced striking loses and financial challenges. According to the April 2007 report the Health Insurance Trust Fund which gives finances to part A of the Medicare plan will no longer be viable after the next 20 years. Meaning it will dry out in 2019. Once it is gone Medicare will turn to payroll taxes to cover the costs of 79% of part A. The 2007 report was also the first one which included the Medicare funding warning. This was due to the fact that this was the second report which stated that the in the next seven years 45% of all funding for Medicare would come from common revenues (Aflcio. org, 2007). The 2008 financial report contained information which stated that the estimated health insurance deficit over the next 75 years was expected to be around thirteen trillion dollars. To eliminate this problem the only foreseen solution was to increase payroll taxes by 122% or to reduce benefits by 51% or some combination of both and that failure to do so would result in even greater increases and reductions. The report also spoke of the problems of the long term sustainability of Medicare with the rising cost of Health Care in the United States. The report also stated that due to these expenses Medicare would continue to be a burden, relying on the country’s GDP to function. They said that Medicare spent 3. 2% of the country’s GDP in 2007 and is estimated to spend 6. 3% in 2030 and 10. 7% in 2080 (American Academy of Actuaries , 2008). In 2009, the report once again showed the financial failings of the Medicare organization. It now reported that the Health Insurance fund would empty out in 2017 two years sooner than predicted in 2008. The report also said that the benefits given out by hospitals this year will outpace the earnings to such an extent that it will result in bankruptcy by 2017. This year they said that the Health Insurance deficit would require an immediate 134% increase in payroll and 53% reduction in benefits or some combination of the two with the total deficit over the next 75 years totaling 14 trillion dollars (American Academy of Actuaries, 2009). A critical analysis of the effectiveness of Medicare finds that Medicare has failed to perform adequately for several years and its performance in the 2009 fiscal year was not satisfactory. Not only have they not taken any steps to curtail the projected deficit. Since 2004 the costs of the Medicare program have exceeded income from payroll tax revenue forcing the program to rely on interest earnings to help pay benefits. Furthermore immediate action needs to be taken to insure that the Health Insurance Trust Fund which is on it way to depletion in 2017 is preserved. As the reliance of Medicare on GDP grows it is predicted that social security costs will grow along with it. This is because after 2010 the number of people receiving benefits through Medicare and social security will sharply increase. It is expected that the part B premiums will increase in the ensuing years as beneficiaries will have to pay more due to ever increasing health costs. However, by law since the Part B premium cannot exceed the cost of living adjustment provided by social security. Thus, nearly 75% of the Medicare beneficiaries will not pay increased premiums placing the financial burdens on the rest of the 25% of the population (American Academy of Actuaries, 2009). It is also expected that since the prescription drug plan is not subjected to any legislation, the prices for its premiums will dramatically increase over the next few years. The current business model employed by Medicare quite frankly is a disaster of epic proportions. With the current recession of the economy in the United States and the ever increasing cost of health care, it is not conceivable for Medicare to maintain any form of profitability or stability long term in this market. Not only that but shareholder and consumer confidence along with an overwhelmingly negative perception of the general public will curtail any efforts by Medicare to rectify its earning procedures for years to come. Thus eventually Medicare will not only become unsustainable for its beneficiaries but also for the federal government. Since the substantial increase in health care cost and increasing complexities of the health care system will be a dominant force in the industry over the next few years. It is essential that Medicare streamline its operation and keep costs down while keeping consumer confidence up. In order to do this they must completely abandon the current Modus operandi they have adopted and turn towards creating a new plan that is customized towards providing a standard form of service rather than awarding cash on a performance basis. Additionally, they must insure that their new programs are not only more streamlined but are also created to insure the best health care possible for their consumers. It is inevitable that the price of the Medicare premiums will increase over the next few years. However, if Medicare changes its modes of operation from stressing quick cures to instead creating an emphasis on primary prevention the long term benefits on the civilian population and the organization will be incalculable. It is through this means that they will create a more standardized approach towards medicine and prevent the occurrence of more life threatening diseases that are considered a financial black hole. Meaning these diseases require years of funding to treat patients with no guarantee of recovery. However, it is much more likely that Medicare wills continues it current mode of operations and will continue to employ the use of the failed Quality Initiative. With increasing Job losses and a recessive economy it is doubtful that the organization will find its way back to profitability and become free of the aid it is receiving from the GDP of the United States and the Health Insurance Fund. Additionally it is conceivable that Medicare will abandon all the programs it consider non essential. Among those will be programs which are geared towards the medical aid of felons or sex offenders. It is possible that the health benefits afforded to senior citizens in nursing homes may be revoked in an effort to increase funding for the organization. It is equally plausible that Medicare will possibly outsource some of its businesses to local prisons such as their help lines and customer relations due to budget concerns and deficits. However, it is inevitable that in the end no amount of funds will help the organization return to a mode of profitability. It has been suggested by the republican body recently that it may be more prudent for congress to scrap the program completely in favor of a more contemporary approach. In my opinion I believe that is a much better option over the wait and see approach the Medicare has obviously adopted over the last few years. It is true that an immediate increase in payroll tax and an immediate reduction in benefits will alleviate the actuarial balance within the next few decades. However, the long term sustainability of such a plan is whimsical at best. Additionally one must consider if the longitivity of this organization is based solely on the success of these factors, then their increase within the next few decades is assured creating a greater burden on the populace. The financial difficulties that face Medicare today are not as simple as they appear. Nonetheless it is apparent that reform of the organization is essential to its long term survival. Its biggest concern is sustenance without sacrificing the quality of care of its individual. However, with ever increasing cost of health in the United States, its possible that might just happen. References Aflcio. org. (2007). Medicares Financial Condition. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Aflcio. org: http://www. aflcio. org/issues/healthcare/financial. cfm American Academy of Actuaries . (2008, March). Medicares Financial Condtion: Beyond Actuarial Balance . Retrieved May 30, 2009, from American Academy of Actuaries : http://www. actuary. org/pdf/medicare/trustees_08. pdf American Academy of Actuaries. (2009, May). Medicares Financial Condtion: Beyond Actuarial Balance. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from American Academy of Actuaries: http://www. actuary. org/pdf/medicare/trustees_09. pdf Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law. (2009). Bazelon Center Fact Sheet Medicare p. 2. Retrieved May 30, 2009, from Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law: http://www. bazelon. org/pdf/Factsheet-Medicare. pdf Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. (2005, December 14). Overview. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: http://www. cms. hhs. gov/MedicareGenInfo/ Medicare. (2009). Medicare premiums and coinsurance rates for 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from Medicare: http://questions. medicare. gov/cgi-bin/medicare. cfg/php/enduser/std_adp. php? p_faqid=2100 SeniorJournal. com. (2001). Brief History of the Medicare Program. Retrieved May 29, 2009, from SeniorJournal. com: http://seniorjournal. com/NEWS/2000%20Files/Aug%2000/FTR-08-04-00MedCarHistry. htm

Corrections and Treatment Essay Example

Corrections and Treatment Essay Example Corrections and Treatment Paper Corrections and Treatment Paper There is a wide choice of correctional treatments available for juveniles, which can be subdivided into two major categories, which are community treatment and institutional treatment. Community treatment refers to efforts to provide care, protection, and treatment for juveniles in need. Institutional treatment facilities are correctional centers operated by federal, state, and county governments. These facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence control. Community corrections have traditionally emphasized offender rehabilitation. Community treatment includes probation, intensive supervision, house arrest, and balanced probation. Probation includes regular supervision by a probation officer. The juvenile must adhere to conditions such as attend school or work and stay out of trouble. Intensive supervision involves treating offenders who would normally have been sent to a secure treatment facility as part of a very small probation caseload that receives almost daily scrutiny. The juvenile must adhere to the same conditions as those placed on regular probation. House arrest, which is often coupled with electronic monitoring, allows offenders sentenced to probation to remain in the community on condition that they stay at home during specific periods. Offenders may be monitored through random phone calls, visits, or electronic devices. Balanced probation systems integrate community protection, the accountability of the juvenile offender, and individualized attention to the offender. These programs are based on the view that juveniles are responsible for their actions and have an obligation to society whenever they commit an offense. Under balanced probation restrictions are tailored to the risk the juvenile offender presents to the community. The purpose of these treatment efforts is to provide rehabilitation to juvenile offenders and ensure public safety, all at the same time. These programs are important because not all juvenile offenders need to be placed into institutions for rehabilitation, some can be effectively rehabilitated outside of institutions, and become productive members of society (Wadsworth, 2005). Correctional institutions operated by federal, state, and county governments are generally classified as secure or open facilities. Secure facilities restrict the movement of residents through staff monitoring, locked exits, and interior fence controls. Open institutions generally do not restrict the movement of the residents and allow much greater freedom of access to the facility. Males make up the great bulk on institutionalized youth. They are more likely to form allegiances with members of their own racial group and attempt to exploit those outside the group. They also scheme to manipulate staff and take advantage of weaker peers. The juvenile justice system should be concerned with this issue because this is primarily how gangs are developed, and could become a serious issue within juvenile facilities. The growing involvement of girls in criminal behavior and the influence of feminist movement have drawn more attention to the female juvenile offender. Institutions for girls are generally more restrictive than those for boys, and they have fewer educational and vocational programs and fewer services. The juvenile justice system should also be concerned with this issue because it is a double standard. Most female delinquents are in for status offenses, compared to male delinquents who are in for violent crimes, but yet the males have fewer restrictions than the females. It is also unfair to the female inmates to not be able to receive that same educational and vocational training. Female delinquents need to be rehabilitated just as well as the males (Wadsworth, 2005). Aftercare in the juvenile justice system is the equivalent of parole in the adult criminal justice system. When juveniles are released from an institution, they may be placed in an aftercare program of some kind, so that those who have been institutionalized are not simply returned to the community without some transitional assistance. The Intensive Aftercare Program model developed by David Altshuler and Troy Armstrong offers a continuum of intervention for serious juvenile offenders returning to the community following placement. Colorado is one state who has implemented the IAP Model. In their program community based providers begin weekly services while the adolescents are still institutionalized, and continue during aftercare. Sixty days prior to release, IAP youth begin a series of step down measures, including supervised trips to the community, and thirty days before release, there are overnight or weekend home passes. Upon release to parole, most program youths go through several months of day treatment that, in addition to services, provides a high level of structure during the day. Trackers provide evening and weekend monitoring during this period of reentry. The planned frequency of contact is once a week during the first few months of supervision, with gradual reductions to once a month in later stages of supervision. Virginia has also implemented the IAP Model. Virginia’s central feature is the use of group home placements as a bridge between the institution and the community. Immediately after release from the institution, youths enter one of two group homes for a thirty to sixty day period. Virginia uses a formal step down system to ease the intensity of parole supervision gradually. In the two months following the youth’s release from the group home, staff is required to contact them five to seven times per week. This is reduced to three to five times per week during the next two months, and again to three times per week during the final thirty days. Aftercare programs are important for several reasons. First, they prepare youth for progressively increased responsibility and freedom in the community. Second, they facilitate youth-community interaction and involvement. Finally, they work with both the offender and targeted community support systems on qualities needed for constructive interaction and the youths’ successful community adjustment (Wadsworth, 2005). There are several aspects of the juvenile justice system, and they are all important. The goals of these programs are to rehabilitate the youth, and I believe they can be effective. If implemented properly, combining institutionalization, community based treatment, and aftercare, a juvenile can become rehabilitated. However, one cannot be implemented without the other, because then the youth may not have a successful reentry into the community. Bibliography Wadsworth. (2005). Juvenile Corrections: Probation, Community Treatment, and Institutionalization. In Juvenile Delinquency: The Core (pp. 244-265). Thomson Learning Inc.

Why I choose my major Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why I choose my major - Essay Example The mission is inspired by the catholic principles of human dignity, solidarity, manifestation of the human freedom, and the common good. The vision of the organization is also based on the human dignity. The curriculum of the institution, which most motivated the choosing, requires students taking marketing to complete sixteen courses in addition to their business and economic courses (The Catholic university of America, pp. 1-4). The course prepares students on how to research consumer needs and be able to develop products and services which satisfy those needs. The students are also prepared on means on how they can communicate the advantages of services and products via effective promotions that influence demand positively. Majoring in marketing will help boost the management course I did in Bahrain. In addition to this, it will enable acquiring of the best skills that are much needed in any successful organization. Having done management as the first degree, marketing as an additional course will help understand how the whole organization works from management to the juniors through marketing. In order to complete the course, one is required to take philosophy, theology, humanities, literature, writing, and composition. The other courses will very much contribute to the expansion of my career and field. Due to the additional courses offered by the organization as core units, they will assist in flexibilit y in the job market and management of the organization (The Catholic university of America, pp. 1-2). Another point of consideration was the foundation of the university. As the institution is founded on catholic values, it will add upon the understanding of the religious values and teachings as well as diversification of the religious field. The culture of the institution and that of Americans will also help in understanding of the different ways of living by different people.

Case study for strategic management Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

For strategic management - Case Study Example The main competitive advantage of the company is its network effect. The brand is well established in the international market with many clients across the globe as compared to its competitors. This has been effectively and efficiently supported by the company resources and assets. Pursuing Asia market was a failure as the company recently pulled out of Japan. However, the company has managed to survive in other areas by buying startups, especially in China. Further, it is developing strategies that will enable to compete in the Asian market. The latest challenge is the low entry barrier system into the market that allows both local and international firms to enter the market. Good examples of these companies are the Amazon and Yahoo, which are already established in the market. This poses a threat of a reduction of the entire market share, hence, of revenues and profits of the

Traumatic or emotional Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Traumatic or emotional - Essay Example She asked where his father was and her mother answered that he has not gone down yet. Joan asked him what was wrong with him but he did not answer. Her mother went by the side of her father and helped bring him to the sofa to let him lie down. At this point, Joan became frantic and suggested that they call 911, her mother agreed. Meanwhile, Joan felt so nervous seeing her dad trying to catch his breath. She also noticed cold sweats on his forehead. Her mom loosened the shirt of his dad and added pillows under his head. Both Joan and her mom were at a loss on what to do. Suddenly, Joan noticed that her dad lost consciousness. It was at this point that Joan started wailing really hard while her mom was sobbing. Joan tried to give artificial respiration, though she really does not know how. Ten minutes later, the doorbell rang and it was the paramedics. The paramedics said that her dad was suffering from a heart attack and that he needed to be brought to the hospital as soon as possible. They also said that both Joan and her mom can ride with them in the ambulance but that they should stay calm. They slowly lifted up Joan’s dad to the stretcher and placed him inside the ambulance. Joan rode in the ambulance with her mom. She watched intently as the paramedics were trying to revive his dad. Joan was filled with fear because she can see that the paramedics’ efforts seem futile. Her dad was still unconscious. She was worried for her dad and at the same time she wanted to be strong for her mom. She struggled to regain her composure and hugged her mom tightly to comfort her. She began to pray silently asking God’s intervention. She never prayed so hard in her life. She asked God to take care of her dad. She prayed that it is nothing serious. She also prayed for strength for her and her mom. When they reached the hospital, Joan’s dad was rushed to the

The Region Is The Middle East International Relations Essay

The Region Is The Middle East International Relations Essay The region is the Middle East. The cause of the Israel/Palestine conflict is the question of land and who rules it. Jewish colonization and Palestinian nationalism, both laying claim to the same territory is the basis of this long conflict.The land involved in the Israel/Palestine conflict totals approximately 10,000 square miles at the eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea. The state of Israel encompasses the land from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean ocean, bordered by Egypt in the south, Lebanon in the north, and Jordan in the East. The Gaza strip is an additional141 square miles south of Israel, thatis under the control of the Palestinians. Palestine is one of the oldest agricultural sites in the world. Archeologists found wheat at Jericho dating from before 8,000 B.C. Christianity, Judaism, and Islam all have roots in the Middle East. The land has been one of conflict and shifts in power back to the days of the Bible. I believe unfair reports and incomplete information have reached the American people with regard to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The only way to find the real stories is to go looking for them. Richard North Patterson brought the lack of accurate information to my attention when I read his novel called, â€Å"Exile†. I, like most Americans, have received most of my information, and therefore the basis for my beliefs from the media. Mr. North Pattersons novel shook my beliefs enough for me to want to look further into the facts of the conflict. As the organization of Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting shows, the media does not always provide the unbiased detail to understand what the conflict involves. It is difficult to report a story without taking a side to the conflict, but one side seems to have had the sympathies of the media and therefore the rest of the world. After World War II, the United Nations recommended partitioning Palestine into two states and the internationalization of the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. In this UN Resolution, the minority of the Jewish people received the majority and the better of the land. The Arabs received 43 percent of the land, the Jews 57 percent. Despite the Arab Palestinians rejection of the partition and the existence of Israel, Israel was proclaimed a state on May 14 1948. While the Jewish people obtained their homeland, there has been no Palestine and no internationalization of Jerusalem and Bethlehem. In 1948, Palestinians were driven out of the new state of Israel into refugee camps in Jordan, Egypt, Lebanon, and other regions. Approximately 750,000 people were driven from their homes in Israel; and many Jews were also driven from their homes in surrounding Arab countries. Both the expelled Palestinians and Jews often had their land and bank accounts and other property seized. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been one of the longest and has led to thousands of deaths. For both the states, the claim to the land goes back thousands of years. The Jewish peoples claim dates from Biblical times when Jerusalem was the center of the Jewish Kingdom. By 70 A.D. the Romans had claim to the land which started the Jewish â€Å"time of wandering†. The Romans lost control by the 9th century to the Arabs who were mostly Muslims and who, like the Jews considered Jerusalem one of the holiest cities. Palestine remained under Muslim rule for over ten centuries. Britain claimed control of the land in November of 1917 and the League of Nations gave the British control to govern and help Zionists settlers build a Jewish national home. In 1922, Britain divided the land, with the eastern half becoming the separate country of Jordan. The British ruled Palestine over the next 25 years until hostilities between the Arab Palestinians and the Jewish settlers became intoler ably hostile so that Britain turned Palestine over to the newly formed United Nations. The holocaust during World War I, from 1939 to 1945 was a catalyst for the Jewish people to return to Palestine. The worlds sympathies were with the Jews and creating a Jewish national homeland. As a result in 1947, the United Nations divided Palestine into two states; one Jewish the other Palestinian. The Palestinians felt that establishing Israel and the resulting Jewish settlers that displaced the original Palestinian inhabitants created the conflict that exists today while the Israelis argue that the Palestinians refusal to accept Israel and by trying to destroy it, created the conflict that exists today. On May 15, 1948, the day following the declaration of Israels independence armies from five Arab countries combined to invade Israel. After a year of fighting, Israel held more land than was originally given to them by the United Nations. Cease-fire agreements were signed but the Arabs would not sign a peace treaty because they did not consider the war to be over. Egypt and Jordan absorbed the parts of Palestine not taken by Israel. The Arab Palestinians call this war the â€Å"Catastrophe†. Approximately a million Palestinians that were left without homes or farms fled Israel but most were turned away from other Arab countries and found themselves living in United Nations run refugee camps in the Gaza Strip and on the West Bank. In 1967, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan attacked Israel. During the 6-day-war Israel took large stretches of land from the Arabs including the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip from Egypt, Golan Heights from Syria, and the West Bank from Jordan, which was the center of ancient Israel but was supposed to become the center of the Palestinian state in 1948. By winning the West Bank, Israel held most of historic Israel and the cities of Bethlehem, Hebron and the old city of Jerusalem. After the war, Israel attempted peace by returning all the land except Jerusalem but the Arab Palestinians would not negotiate on this point. The United Nations passed Security Council resolution 242 in November that called for, â€Å"Israel to withdraw from occupied territories in exchange for secure and recognized boundaries†. The Arabs rejected the resolution but over time, most Arab nations accepted the resolution as the basis for todays peace agreements and negotiations. Jerusalem is prized because of its religious history as the holy city for Christians, Jews, and Muslims. The current conflict over Jerusalem is the direct result of the United Nations Partition Plan in 1947, which would make Jerusalem an International city under United Nations control. In the 1948 war following the partition, Israel captured West Jerusalem and Jordan held East Jerusalem. The city remained divided until the 6-day war in 1967 when Israel also captured East Jerusalem from Jordan. Since 1967, Israel considers the entire city of Jerusalem to be its capital, while it was historically Jerusalem was the capital of Palestine and must be the capital of their future homeland. Peace depends on resolving the issue of Jerusalem. Palestinians have lived in the West Bank under Israeli occupation since 1967. Israel has built settlements in the West Bank which house 400,000 Jews. These settlements are illegal under International law, which Israel disputes and ignores. These settlemen ts on what should be Palestinian land are also a major factor in the conflict today. Since 1967, negotiations have centered on retuning land to pre-1967 states as required by International law and United Nations resolutions. In the late 1980s began the first Palestinian uprising called the â€Å"Intifada†. The movement was initially non-violent but the media focused on the violence that did occur. Young Palestinians confronted Israeli troops with slingshots and stones and thousands were killed by the Israeli military. In 1993 another one-sided peace accord, the Oslo Peace Accord, provided that Israel recognize the PLO and gave them limited autonomy in return for peace and an end to Palestinian claims on Israeli territory. This was one-sided because Israel gained control of the land, water and other resources, and the Palestinians really did not gain anything. Many acts of violence have occurred over the years from both sides but with little results. The Palestinians are still without a nation, have limited rights and suffer from poverty. Israel continues to increase and expand settlements into occupied territories, and are willing to give up less and less land than they promised. The Palestinians have lived under military occupation for over thirty years. Frustration and anger against both the United States and the United Nations have resulted in extremism in some cases. These militant groups from Palestine and other Arab nations have engaged in acts they see as freedom fighting but that Israel, the United States and most of the world see as terrorism. In 2002, Israel began building a large security fence in the West Bank to stop terrorists from entering Israeli cities and settlements, this fence falls on Palestinian land. The International court says the barrier was illegal but construction continued. In 2003, the United States and Palestinians pushing for peace and a two-state resolution announced a cease-fire but Israel continued to assassinate militant leaders leading to Palestinian suicide bombings and Israeli air strikes. In recent years, anger and frustration mount as poorer Palestinians find themselves with poorer and poorer land while Israel bulldozes their homes in an attempt to kill militant leaders more often killing innocent civilians including women and children. Israel has demanded that the Palestinian National Authority control the suicide bombers but then Israel bombs official buildings and compounds making it impossible for the Authority to control the terrorists. Israel is actually giving more power to the extremists such as Hamas and fueling their desire to destroy Israel. Hamas has gained power with the Palestinian people because although their means are terrorism and they are listed as a terrorist organization, Hamas spends most of its $70 million annual budget on extensive social programs. â€Å"Hamas funds schools, orphanages, mosques, health care clinics, soup kitchens, and sport leagues. Approximately 90 percent of its work is in social, welfare, cultural and educational activities.† The people depend on Hamas because the Palestinian Authority does not provide these services and because Hamas has a reputation for honesty compared to the corruption within the Palestinian Authority. The result of this conflict appears to be one-sided. The Israelis gained their homeland and the holy city of Jerusalem while Palestine lost its entire state and their holy city. Most Palestinians had their land taken, land which had been bought by or given to their ancestors and passed down through generations. The United States and other Western countries interest in the Middle East is and has been largely about oil. The United States military and financial support of Israel has been largely due to the oil to ensure a large, strong ally in the Middle East. However, the military and financial support has resulted in Israel having the strongest and most advanced military in the Middle East, which includes nuclear weapons. The United Nations has attempted many resolutions that have been critical of Israels inaction, and though the international community has been behind these resolutions, the United States vetoes them. Instead, there is more Israeli land expansion and settlements. There is no doubt in my mind that the original United Nations plan to divide the land to provide for the needs of both the Palestinians and the Jews. The United Nations plan has not been carried out, honored, or enforced by the United Nations or by the United States. Today the Palestinians are in the â€Å"wandering time† without a homeland. There is no way to end Israels responsibility in the conflict without eliminating the consequences of the â€Å"catastrophe† of the Palestinian people. The same conflict exists today because of the continued wars, occupation, aggression, and walls to glorify Israels independence and legitimacy while trying to eliminate Palestinians legitimate national rights, freedom, and independence.† One cannot exist without the other. United Nations resolutions enforcement and United States interventions could right an imbalance. In the quest for a Jewish homeland with the creation of Israel, there has been devastation of Palestinian live s. Historic Palestine was of its people whether Christian, Jewish or Muslim and they lived together in peace. Violence and force will not bring peace to either side. â€Å"Only a peaceful solution to the conflict based on mutual rights will put an end to the violence and suffering on both sides, and will lay down the foundations for the prosperity and well-being of the two peoples (Bisharat).† Shah, Anup. â€Å"The Middle East conflict—a brief background.† Global Issues, Updated: 30 Jul. 2006. Accessed: 08 May. 2010. http://www.globalissues.org/article/119/the-middle-east-conflict-a-brief-background>

The Common Theme in the Songs of Good Charlotte :: Good Charlotte Music Bands Essays

The Common Theme in the Songs of Good Charlotte There are three specific songs sung by Good Charlotte that all have a common theme. The songs are called Wondering, Emotionless, and Predictable. In all of these songs the common theme of relationships is reoccurring. There are successful and failed relationships as well as relationships with family members and girlfriends. In the song Wondering, by Good Charlotte a boy is happy that he found somebody that he can trust and wants to be around. He tells her that he is willing to wait for her and wants to be with her forever. Emotionless, is about a boy who is writing to his father who abandoned his family during his childhood. He asks him why he was never around, how they struggled to survive and that he misses him. In the song Predictable, it’s about a boy’s relationship with a girl who he loved and she turned out to break his heart. This boy becomes broken because he knew the girl was so predictable. The main theme in the three songs is having or being in a relationship. Each song is talking about a relationship with either a family member or a girlfriend. Most songs these days are written about relationships and this usually makes the song more interesting to listen to. When people write songs they usually write about their feelings or personal experiences that they have had. All of these songs were written about things that had happened to certain people in the past. Songwriters find it easier to write songs about what may be going on in there life or what may have happened in the past. To them it’s a way of expressing themselves and maybe releasing stress. Two of the songs deal with relationships with a girlfriend. In Predictable, it’s more about a girl that left a boy (this isn’t the first time, that you left me waiting. Sad excuses and false hopes high, I saw this coming, still I don’t know why, I let you in).

Audre Lorde Hanging Fire: Anxiety of a Teenager Essay

The dominant emotion in the poem Hanging Fire by Audre Lorde is anxiety. This is the poem about the uncertainty of a girl in her maturity, who longs for adult guidance. The author uses several examples of imagery in the poem, but the most notable of them is the repetition – anxious repetition. The narrator in the poem is the fourteen-year old girl, who is worried about many things in her life, one of them is the color of her skin. This is a very important issue among the teenagers. In this case, the girl states that her skin â€Å"betrayed† her (Lorde 521). The repetition of girl’s thoughts is quite evident, and her tone of anxiety is thus conveyed to the reader. These thoughts are inherent to many teens, when they are concerned about the way of their awkward dancing, and that they have â€Å"nothing to wear† (Lorde 521). These thoughts of anxiety are intertwined with the narrator’s reference to momma, who is behind the closed door. This is a great depiction by the author of the unavailability of the mother to the teenager. The reader understands that the mother of the narrator does not care about her. The closed door is depicted literally (the door is closed) and figuratively (the mother is not open to her daughter). The repetition makes the emotion of anxiety so powerful, making a strong emphasis on that. This may be explained by the difficult relationship of Lorde with her mother. The narrator seems alone in this world, and the repetition about death expresses her worries about being unnecessary to anybody. Repetition clearly demonstrates to the reader the hard fate of the girl, who wants to convey that she needs someone around her so badly that those people do not even realize. Work Cited Lorde, Audre. The Collected Poems of Audre Lorde. New York, NY: Norton, 2000. Print.

Article 2. Section 7-28 Essays

Article 2. Section 7-28 Essays Article 2. Section 7-28 Essay Article 2. Section 7-28 Essay John Vincent Troy S. May 2, 2011 B. A Political Science – 1PolSci 1 POLICY TOPIC CONTENTEXAMPLE(ISSUES) Section 7 (Foreign Policy of the Philippines The State shall pursue an independent foreign policy . In its relations with other states the paramount consideration shall be national sovereignty, territorial integrity, national interest, and the right to self- discrimination. Visiting Forces Agreement Section 8 ( Freedom from nuclear weapons policy)The Philippines, consistent with the national interest, adopting and pursues a policy of freedom from nuclear weapons in its territoryBataan Nuclear Power Plant Section 9 (Just and Dynamic social order)The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty through the policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. Philippines as one of the top ten most poorest country in the world Section 10 (Social Justice)The State shall promote social justice in all phases of national developmentTuition Fee Hike resulting to unequal opportunity to education Section 11 ( Human dignity and human rights)The State values the dignity of every human person and guarantees full respect of human rightsProstitutions and Sale of Organs Section 12 (Strengthening the family as a basic autonomous social institution)The State recognizes the sanctity of family life and shall protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution. It shall equally protect life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. Child and Family Courts to handle criminal and civil cases involving children and family relations Section 13 (Role of the youth in nation building)The State recognizes the vital role of the youth in nation-building and shall promote and protect their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and social well- being. P. D. No. 603 – known as the Child and Youth Welfare Code Section 14 ( Role of women in nation-building)The State recognizes the role of the women in ation-building, and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the laws of men and women. Subic Rape Case Section 15 ( Right of people to health)The State shall protect and promote the right to health of the people and instill health consciousness among them. R. A. No. 7875 – National Health Insurance Act of 1995 institutes the National Health Insurance Program Section 16 (Right of the people to a balanced and healthful ec ology)The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999 and Sewage System/Garbage Segregation Section 17 ( Priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports )The State shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture, and sports to foster patriotism and nationalism, accelerate social progress, and promote total human liberation and development. Nursing Licensure Examination Leakage Section 18( Labor as primary social economic force)The State affirms the labor as a primary social economic force. It shall protect the rights of workers and promote their welfare. Hacienda Luicita Issues Section 19 (Self – reliant and independent national economy)The State shall develop a self – reliant and independent national economy effectively controlled by FilipinosForeign ownerships of chain of companies Section 20 ( Role of the private sector in the economy)The State recognizes the indispensable role of the private sector, encourages private enterprise, and provides incentives to needed investments. Hereditary succession of private lands Section 21 (Comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform)The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform. Land Reform Act of Pres. Ramon Magsaysay Section 22 (Rights of indigenous culture communities)The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the framework of national unity and developmentCandy Pangalinan Issue (Joke about Igorots) Section 23 (Non-governmental, community-based or sectoral organizations)The State shall encourage non-governmental, community-based, or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation. R. A. No. 6938 – Cooperative Code of the Philippines Section 24 (Vital role of communication and information in nation-building. )The State recognizes the vital role of communication and information in nation-buildingSmart Telecom used for Automated Elections Section 25 (Autonomy of local governments)The State shall ensure the autonomy of local governments. R. A. No. 160 – Local Government Code of 1991 Section 26 (Equal access to opportunities for public service)The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by lawMulti – party system Section 27( Honesty and integrity in public service)The State shall maintain honesty and integrity in the public service and take positive and effective measures against graft and corruption. Corruption issue of Oriental Mindoro Congressman R. Valencia Section 28 ( Full disclosure by the State of all its transactions)Subject to reasonable conditions prescribed by law, the State adopts and implements a policy of full public disclosure of all its transactions involving public interest. Mr. and Mrs. Ligot – the used of public funds for personal interests

Is Self

Is Self Introduction Selfs of long-term effects of abortion include miscarriages, stillbirths, low birth-weight babies, and infertility (McDonagh 57). On the other hand, procedures carried out during abortion expose mothers to several health complications that risk their lives and well-being. These include tearing of the cervix, fever and peritonitis, uterus perforation, thrombosis, and risk of infection during blood transfusion (McDonagh 59). Other risks include increased possibility of tubal pregnancy and death from hemorrhage. These complications have been reported in cases where unqualified individuals conducted abortion. Abortions that are conducted by certified and experienced practitioners are safe and few cases of complications have been reported. Opponent’s arguments are not strong enough to explain why a mother should be exposed to harm by failing to conduct an abortion. Conclusion Abortion is a contemporary moral issue that is unacceptable in many societies. Self-defense ab ortion takes place in cases where birth of a child puts the life of the mother at risk of either physical or non-physical danger. In addition, it is acceptable in some societies on basis that a woman has a right to chose what is best for her. The utilitarianism doctrine holds that individuals should perform acts whose consequences result in beneficial outcomes.Advertising Looking for research paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From that definition, self-defense abortion is allowed if it results in gratifying outcomes that avoid painful consequences. It is permissible and ethical to save a mother from physical harm such as death, and non-physical harm such as mental, emotional, or psychological disturbances. Self-defense abortion saves many women from physical, emotional, and psychological suffering. Opponents argue that abortion is unacceptable and immoral. They argue that self-defense abortion is murder and a fetus has a right to life. In addition, they argue that it exposes women to health complications such as sterility and miscarriages in future pregnancies. However, they ignore the fact that consequences of allowing birth of an unwanted baby are more severe than aborting it. Therefore, self-defense abortion is acceptable and permissible. Boonin, David. A defense of Abortion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Print. Davis, Nancy. Abortion and Self-defense. Philosophy and Public Affairs 13.3 (2002): 175-207. Print. Huffman, Tom. Abortion, Moral Responsibility, and Self-Defense. Public Affairs Quarterly 7.4 (2003): 287-302. Print. McDonagh, Eileen. Breaking the Abortion Deadlock: From Choice to Consent. London: Oxford University press, 2004. Print. Shaw, William. Contemporary Ethics: Taking Account of Utilitarianism. New York: John Wiley Sons, 2004. Print.

24hrs Urinary Urea Nitrogen Practical Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

24hrs Urinary Urea Nitrogen Practical - Essay Example For example, a patient with a pathologically low blood pressure develops diminished urine flow. Nitrogen balance involves comparing nitrogen intake from foods and fluids with nitrogen excretion. Thus, nitrogen balance provides the clinician with an index of protein catabolism and a basis for assessing the adequacy of protein intake (Skipper, 1995; p. 86). In order to determine the nitrogen balance for each student in the group, data on the protein intake of these students must be acquired (Barakat et al., 2009) and inputed into the following formula: The dietary protein intake is best measured if the individual follows a standardized diet, that is, all the food that the individual eats must be measured before consumption, and duplicate meals must be prepared and analyzed for their nitrogen content (Manore et al., 2009; pp. 112-113). A minimum daily protein requirement is needed by the body to maintain its structural proteins, visceral proteins and immune competence. Conversely, when the body encounters certain stresses, its proteins also suffer level discrepancies. For example, starvation needs a progressive selection of fat as body fuel. Muscles stop utilizing glucose as soon as a meal is over and instead, fatty acids are used (Cahill, 1976). Ketoacid levels in blood become elevated over the first week, and the brain preferentially uses these instead of glucose. The net effect is to spare protein even further, as the brain further decreases the rate of using glucose. Nevertheless, there is still net negative nitrogen balance, but this can be nullified by amino acid or protein supplementation. In addition, protein kinetics are known to be accelerated in severe trauma. In fact, critically ill patients with major trauma demonstrate catabolism resulting in a net loss of body mass. Thus, the patient loses more nitrogen than is provided from nitrogen / protein sources (Wiliams & Shchlenker, 2003). The literature has varying ranges for the 24 hr UUN

Unit 3 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Unit 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example our seafood products so that not only we provide tasty sea food but also the healthy and fresh food which can be taken as an alternative to the mainstream food supplies. Based on this, our core strategies include value proposition as well as the product positioning. As discussed our main focus will be on creating value added seafood products therefore based on this proposition, we intend to add value to the processed seafood by making various seafood dishes and prepare them as ready to cook products. It is because of this fact that we are planning to sell fresh and preserved Fish, Frozen seafood, Processed and Canned Seafood, Preserved and Frozen oven ready fish dishes for modern food service. The value proposition in this whole product will be the perceived health benefits which a customer can enjoy by eating white meat. Backed by latest research, we will market our product based on the idea that eating seafood is not only healthy but it can also provide great taste when cooked and processed in our way. Regarding the product positioning, as discussed earlier that we are intending to target the hospitality sector of UAE therefore, there will be two channels involved in carrying out our strategy. Firstly, we will target the hotels which will be selling our product and secondly, we intend to open our own stores cum restaurants which will be used to sell our product range. Since this will be an international venture and product positioning in international market require that products can be evoked and distributed as bundles of attribute capable of generating benefits for the customer (Johansson, 1985) therefore we believe that our product will include an intangible perceived benefits to the customer in terms of taste and healthy

Effect of changing government on Russian citizens before and after the Research Paper

Effect of changing government on Russian citizens before and after the fall of the Soviet Union - Research Paper Example In 1991 the people of Russia gained their electoral rights. However at what cost that right came is an important question. Reasons for choosing Soviet Union Every country during its transformation process undergoes economic turmoil. Russia had been a country that had experienced transformation of its political, economic, and social scenario several times in history. However the collapse of the Soviet Union had been a unique phenomenon. We want to study the effects of such collapse on the economic condition of the people. However unavailability of reliable data makes us do a both qualitative and quantitative study. (Ra’anan) Background: the fall of the Soviet Union The Soviet Union was formed in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. During that time the Joseph Stalin had exhibited his despotic rules. From 1953-64 Nikita Krushchev tried out her reforms but failed to make many changes. The reforms were not necessarily in the direction of liberalization. During this p eriod the atrocities of the police was relaxed and the townsmen achieved a comparatively higher standard of living. The peasants were controlled by the state through the collective farms. They were the focus of much of the states concern, though that did not help their condition very much. The intellectual and the cultural life at the time of Khrushchev also performed fairly well. The educated and the civil society n the 1960s for the first time could express their desires. They expressed a desire to free themselves from the omnipresence of the state and gain individual autonomy. The rule of Kruschev saw the prevalence of oligarchy. His successor Brezchnev heightened the process becoming the chief oligarch within the ruling class. (Ra’anan, 77) From 1964 to 1982 Soviet Union saw an improvement in the material standards of their lives. However the state presence in the public life of the people was resumed. Censorship and the control of police came back. The ideologies of the parties found fewer takers from the common people. The detachment was aggravated by the growing corruption within the ranks of the party. As agriculture got less and less attention from the government investment in heavy industries and military kept rising. The non-Russian people had a growing discontent over several issues. After 1985 the controls of the state were taken over by a new group of leaders. They were the young leaders within the party. The dynamic leader Mikhail Gorbachev represented this pragmatic group of leaders. These people believed in reforms. They received an opposition within the ranks of their own party. The reformist policies of the group were in contrast to the hardliners. Gorbachev wanted to rejuvenate the country’s economy and political scenario through a series of reforms and turned to the intelligentsia for support. The former rule of control was relaxed and expression of ideas was relaxed. This led to a number of problems for the government as the civil society searched answers for the abuses of the previous governments. Under pressure the party moved towards a more pluralistic policy and constitutional government. In spite of all the changes and reforms undertaken by the government, the Gorbachev rule ceased to exist. The central institution was ruined and the people belonging to minor communities raised their voice in nationalist sentiment. The final demise came about in 1991. (Keep, 2-3)

Tata Motors Essay Example for Free

Tata Motors Essay Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis Description: The Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. Tata Motors (or the company) is one of the leading automotive vehicle manufacturing companies in India. The company is engaged in the development, design, manufacture, assembly, and sale of vehicles including financing, as well as sale of related parts and accessories. The company primarily operates India, South Korea, South Africa, Thailand, Bangladesh, Singapore, Spain, and the UK. It is headquartered in Mumbai, India and employs about 49,856 people. The company recorded revenues of INR925,192.5 million ($19,530.8 million) during the financial year ended March 2010 (FY2010), an increase of 30.5% over FY2009. The operating profit of the company was INR42,288.3 million ($892.7 million) during FY2010, as compared to the operating loss of INR6,580 million ($138.9 million) in FY2009. The net profit was INR25,710.6 million ($542.8 million) in FY2010, as compared to the net loss of INR25,052.5 million ($528.8 million) in FY2009. Scope of the Report Provides all the crucial information on Tata Motors Limited required for business and competitor intelligence needs Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting Tata Motors Limited in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue streams of Tata Motors Limited -Data is supplemented with details on Tata Motors Limited history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from Tata Motors Limited Reasons to Purchase Support sales activities by understanding your customers’ b usinesses better Qualify prospective partners and suppliers Keep fully up to date on your competitors’ business structure, strategy and prospects Obtain the most up to date company information available Contents: SWOT COMPANY PROFILE: Tata Motors Limited Key Facts: Tata Motors Limited Company Overview: Tata Motors Limited Business Description: Tata Motors Limited Company History: Tata Motors Limited Key Employees: Tata Motors Limited Key Employee Biographies: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Listing: Tata Motors Limited Products Services Analysis: Tata Motors Limited SWOT analysis: Tata Motors Limited -Strengths: Tata Motors Limited -Weaknesses: Tata Motors Limited -Opportunities: Tata Motors Limited -Threats: Tata Motors Limited Company View: Tata Motors Limited Top Competitors: Tata Motors Limited Location and Subsidiary: Tata Motors Limited -Head Office: Tata Motors Limited -Other Locations and Subsidiaries: Tata Motors Limited Ordering: Order Online http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/554957/ Order by Fax using the form below Order by Post print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Page 1 of 2 Fax Order Form To place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the completed form to 646-607-1907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World). If you have any questions please visit http://www.researchandmarkets.com/contact/ Order Information Please verify that the product information is correct and select the format(s) you require. Product Name: Web Address: Office Code: Tata Motors Limited SWOT Analysis http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/554957/ OC8DIQJQNRRRVT Product Formats Please select the product formats and quantity you require: Quantity Electronic (PDF) Single User: Electronic (PDF) Enterprisewide: â‚ ¬96 â‚ ¬240 Contact Information Please enter all the information below in BLOCK CAPITALS Title: First Name: Email Address: * Job Title: Organisation: Address: City: Postal / Zip Code: Country: Phone Number: Fax Number: * Please refrain from using free email accounts when ordering (e.g. Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL) Mr Mrs Dr Miss Last Name: Ms Prof Page 2 of 2 Payment Information Please indicate the payment method you would like to use by selecting the appropriate box. Pay by credit card: American Express Diners Club Master Card Visa Cardholders Name Cardholders Signature Expiry Date Card Number CVV Number Issue Date (for Diners Club only) Pay by check: Please post the check, accompanied by this form, to: Research and Markets, Guinness Center, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Please transfer funds to: Account number Sort code Swift code IBAN number Bank Address 833 130 83 98-53-30 ULSBIE2D IE78ULSB98533083313083 Ulster Bank, 27-35 Main Street, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Pay by wire transfer: If you have a Marketing Code please enter it below: Marketing Code: Please note that by ordering from Research and Markets you are agreeing to our Terms and Conditions at http://www.researchandmarkets.com/info/terms.asp Please fax this form to: (646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 From USA +353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 From Rest of World

Viking Impact on Northern Europe :: miscellaneous

Viking Impact on Northern Europe When we hears the term Viking an immediate image of bloodthirsty men with long beards and horned helmets is conjured up in our minds. This is the image the historical sources have given us, and it is partly true. Vikings were merciless when raiding, but they were peaceful when they traded. Their navigational technology was exceptional, and the ones who settled in foreign lands contributed greatly to the lands’ culture. The Vikings are famous for their violent ways when they pillaged and plundered villages of Northern Europe. Their dramatic exploits commenced during 800 – 1050 A.D, The first being the raid on Lindisfarne Monastery in 793, followed by a chain of attacks all over the coast of northern Europe during the next 200 years. As the years went on the frequency of Viking attacks increased as they became bolder. They were opportunists, raiding when the villages were off–guard or weak and trading when they were powerful. The speed and tactical advantage of the Viking longships allowed them to slip quietly ashore, pillage the village and make a fast getaway via water before the village can summon an army. By this time some Viking plunderers would stay over winter in a village. Soon their raiding camps became settlements and Viking control over Europe began to grow, it was not long before Vikings overran most of England. The other skill that Vikings excelled at was the skill of navigation. Their longships were the cutting–edge technology at the time, and their ingenious sun-compass, which worked somewhat like a sundial, allowed them to sail to their destination with precision. The longships were usually made with oak boards stripped from trees with thin ropes soaked in pitch trapped between joints to act as a flexible, waterproof membrane. These ships, combined with their streamlines design, are very fast and seaworthy and would flex out of places when a sturdier ship would shatter. The sun compass is also very useful because it is the only directional tool at the time. It uses a shadow cast by a small pin in the middle of a round plate with bearings to give the direction. This tool allowed them to sail on open seas without landmarks for directions, a great advantage. This tool allowed them to sail on open seas without landmarks for directions, a great advantage. Through raiding, some Vikings settled in foreign lands, where they farmed, raised cattle and in time, contributed to the community like the natives.

Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Reaction Paper

Reaction Paper to Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets The podcast of Phyllis Hunter on Reading Rockets: Meet the Experts titled Teaching Reading demonstrated the importance of teaching children to read right the first time. According to Hunter (2008) reading is the first civil right because without being able to read well and strategically, one is unable to access his or her other civil rights and that teaching children to read is a schools first mission. Children need to be reading at grade level or above before completing the third grade (Hunter, 2008). I agree with Hunter’s statement that good is not good enough when we can do better. Teaching children to read is one area where we cannot afford to settle for good, we must strive for best. Reading is a fundamental skill that is necessary for all future learning. Hunter (2008) discussed the need to use the research and not teach with the method that he or she feels is the right thing. Teachers need to be able to read and evaluate research to find what will be of value and has creditable in classroom instruction. Teachers must be committed to being a lifelong learner. Learning must then be incorporated into the classroom teaching practices. Stanovich & Stanovich (2003) contend that â€Å"scientific research about what works does not usually find its way into most classrooms. † Teachers must be committed to making proven methods a part of their daily instruction techniques. According to Hunter (2008) the best schools use the proven research methods in their classroom. Taylor (2002) referenced the following characteristics of teachers who are effective in teaching children to read: Maintaining instructional balance, spark higher-level thinking by discussing what was read, teach how to transfer skills and strategies to independent reading, coaching as children are reading and writing, foster a sense of responsibility in children for their own learning, provide motivating instruction with many opportunities for reading and writing, teachers have high expectations that their pupils can do well, manage their classroom, foster strong parent relationships. If one agrees with Hunter that our children deserve the best in reading education, then one must develop the best characteristics in ones teaching style. Just as it is best to teach reading right the first time, it is best to start out on the right path using proven methods than to try to correct latter. References Hunter Phyllis, (2008). Phyllis Hunter (Teaching Reading). Reading Rockets present Meet the Experts. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www. readingrockets. org/podcasts/experts Taylor, B. M. (2002). Characteristics of teachers that are effective in teaching all children to read. National Education Association. Retrieved September 2, 2008. Stanovich, P. J. , & Stanovich, K. E. (2003). Using Research and Reason in Education. National Institute for Literacy. Retrieved September 2, 2008, from http://www. nifl. gov/partnershipforreading/